Conditioning Solid-State Anode-Less Cells for the Next Generation of Batteries

Anode-less batteries are a promising innovation in energy storage technology, eliminating the need for traditional anodes and offering potential improvements efficiency capacity. Here, we have fabricated tested two types of anode-less pouch cells, first using solely copper negative current collector other same but coated with nucleation seed ZnO layer. Both cells used all-solid-state electrolyte, Li2.99Ba0.005ClO composite, cellulose matrix LiFePO4 cathode. Direct indirect methods confirmed Li metal anode plating after charging cells. The direct X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) laser-induced breakdown (LIBS), technique not divulged battery world friendly to study surface collector, as it detects lithium. were electrochemical cycling impedance scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It became evident presence plated on contact electrolyte upon charging, both directly indirectly. A maximum average lithium thickness 2.9 µm was charged, 0.13 discharged. discharge initiates from 3.2 V, possible if an anode-like high chemical phase, such Li, would form while plating. Although ratings densities minor this study, concluded that layer ZnO, even at 25 °C, allows higher power more hours than plain Cu. observed where plates Zn is detected or barely by XPS. present quickly initially potentials may hold many hours, likely due ferroelectric character electrolyte.